How to implement strong password policies and password managers

Introduction to Strong Password Policies

Implementing strong password policies is essential to maintaining WordPress security. Weak passwords are among the most common vulnerabilities on websites, making it easier for attackers to employ brute-force attacks, credential stuffing, and other methods to gain unauthorised access. Enforcing robust password policies ensures users create passwords that are challenging to guess, thereby enhancing the overall security of a WordPress site. When used alongside password managers, strong password policies can substantially reduce the risk of security breaches.

Why Strong Passwords are Crucial

Weak or reused passwords pose a significant security risk, as attackers can use automated tools to guess commonly used passwords. For example, simple passwords like “password123” or “admin2023” are frequently attempted in brute-force attacks. Additionally, many users reuse passwords across multiple sites, which increases the risk that a compromised password on one site could be used to access their WordPress account. Unique, complex passwords create a substantial barrier for attackers, forming a critical first line of defence.

Enforcing Strong Password Policies on WordPress

To ensure users adopt strong passwords, WordPress administrators can implement a few key strategies:

1. Require Complex Passwords: Administrators can set passwords to require a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols, with a minimum length (typically at least 12 characters) to ensure complexity.
2. Use Plugins to Enforce Strong Passwords: Plugins such as Force Strong Passwords or iThemes Security offer features that enforce strong password policies, particularly for users in roles with higher privileges (e.g., administrators and editors).
3. Regularly Update Password Policies: Periodically updating password requirements and encouraging users to change passwords every few months helps users stay proactive about security and mitigates risks if passwords are inadvertently exposed.

Recommended Plugins for Enforcing Password Policies

Several plugins assist in enforcing strong password policies for WordPress users:

1. Force Strong Passwords: This lightweight plugin requires complex passwords from all users with privileged roles, ensuring that administrators, editors, and other key users set secure credentials.
2. iThemes Security: Beyond enforcing password strength, iThemes Security offers other security features, such as two-factor authentication and brute-force attack protection, making it a comprehensive solution for WordPress security.
3. Password Policy Manager for WordPress: This plugin enables administrators to set customisable password policies, including minimum length, expiration, and forbidden characters, providing fine control over password rules.

Using Password Managers to Enhance Security and Convenience

Complex passwords can be difficult to remember, so encouraging users to use a password manager is a highly effective way to enhance security. Password managers create, store, and manage complex passwords for users, allowing them to have unique passwords for each account without needing to remember them all. Some popular options include:

1. LastPass: Offers both free and premium versions, enabling users to securely store and organise their passwords. LastPass generates unique passwords for every account and auto-fills login details, providing convenience and security.
2. 1Password: Known for its robust security and ease of use, 1Password helps users generate complex passwords, organise login information, and access their passwords across devices.
3. Bitwarden: An open-source password manager available in free and premium versions. It provides a secure platform for generating and storing passwords, making it an excellent choice for individuals and teams.

Setting Up Strong Password Requirements in WordPress

To implement strong password requirements, follow these steps:

1. Install and Activate a Password Policy Plugin: For example, install Force Strong Passwords by going to Plugins > Add New, searching for the plugin, and clicking Install Now. Activate the plugin after installation.
2. Configure Password Requirements: In the plugin settings, set up password requirements, including minimum length, complexity, and expiration. Many plugins also allow administrators to restrict password reuse, preventing users from recycling old passwords.
3. Encourage Regular Password Updates: Some plugins allow you to set reminders for users to update passwords periodically. Alternatively, administrators can send email reminders prompting users to update their passwords regularly.
4. Educate Users on Secure Password Practices: Provide guidance on creating strong passwords, such as avoiding common dictionary words, using passphrases, and steering clear of personal information (e.g., birthdates or names).

Implementing Additional Password Security Measures

In addition to strong passwords, administrators can implement extra security layers to safeguard login credentials:

1. Limit Login Attempts: Brute-force attacks can be mitigated by limiting the number of login attempts. Plugins like Limit Login Attempts Reloaded can block users after a specified number of failed attempts, reducing the risk of unauthorised access.
2. Require Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Two-factor authentication adds a second layer of security, requiring users to enter a verification code in addition to their password. Many security plugins, like Wordfence Login Security and Duo Two-Factor Authentication, support 2FA and complement strong password policies well.
3. Enable Password Expiration: For added security, some sites opt to have passwords expire periodically. Users are required to update their passwords after a set timeframe (e.g., every 90 days). While this can increase administrative overhead slightly, it ensures regular password rotation, reducing risks from outdated passwords.

Troubleshooting Common Issues with Strong Password Policies

Implementing strong password policies can occasionally lead to challenges, especially for users unaccustomed to complex passwords. Here are some common issues and solutions:

1. User Frustration: Users may find complex passwords hard to remember, leading to frequent login difficulties. Educate users on the benefits of password managers, which make managing complex passwords much simpler.
2. Password Reset Loops: If a plugin enforces strict password requirements, some users may encounter password reset loops if they struggle to create a compliant password. To prevent this, provide clear guidelines on required password criteria (length, special characters, etc.) and ensure the reset process is straightforward.
3. Forgotten Passwords: Forgotten passwords are common, particularly when they are lengthy and complex. Ensure the “Forgot Password” feature is easy to use, and consider adding security questions or backup email options to help users regain access swiftly.

Advanced Tips for Further Strengthening Password Security

1. Prohibit Commonly Used or Breached Passwords: Certain plugins or custom code can prevent users from selecting passwords commonly used or previously breached. This measure can be highly effective in preventing the reuse of compromised passwords.
2. Use CAPTCHA or reCAPTCHA for Login Forms: Adding CAPTCHA to the login page helps prevent automated bots from attempting password guesses. Plugins like Google reCAPTCHA or Captcha Plus provide easy WordPress integrations.
3. Audit and Monitor Password Strength: Regularly audit the password strength of users, particularly those with high-level privileges, such as administrators and editors. Encourage these users to update their passwords regularly and to follow the latest security best practices.

Strong password policies and password managers are essential for a secure WordPress site. By enforcing complex password requirements and promoting the use of password managers, you can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorised access caused by weak or compromised passwords.